CruelHead

Brazil, Minerals

2005-04-05T15:16:00.000-07:00

Brazil contains extremely rich mineral reserves that are only partly exploited, including iron ore, tin, copper, pyrochlore (from which ferroniobium is derived), and bauxite. There are also significant amounts of granite, manganese, asbestos, gold, gemstones, quartz, tantalum, and kaolin (china clay). Most industrial minerals are concentrated in Minas Gerais and

Rouergue

2005-04-03T16:07:00.000-07:00

Ancient province of south central France, corresponding to much of the modern départements of Aveyron and Tarn-et-Garonne. It was bounded on the north by Auvergne, on the south and southwest by Languedoc, on the east by Gévaudan and the Cévennes mountains, and on the west by Quercy. It derived its name from the Gallic tribe of Rutheni. Administratively it formed first

Tiepolo, Giovanni Domenico

2005-04-01T15:42:00.000-08:00

Also called Giandomenico Tiepolo son of the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo; he was a talented genre painter, especially of scenes from contemporary life and the popular theatre (as in the decorations of his villa at Zianigo, Italy, now in the Civico Museo Correr, Venice). Notable among his early works are the paintings of the Stations of the Cross for S. Polo, Venice (1747–49), and

Aras River

2005-03-29T07:57:00.000-08:00

Armenian Araks, Persian Rud-e Aras, Turkish Aras Nehri, Greek Araxes river rising south of Erzurum in the Bingöl Daglari (mountains) of Turkey; it flows eastward, forming for approximately 275 miles (440 km) the international boundary between Armenia and Azerbaijan on the north and Turkey and Iran on the south. Below the eastern boundary of Armenia, the stream emerges into a broad valley and then crosses the Mugan Steppe. After a course of about

Bahamas, Flag Of The

2005-03-28T02:22:00.000-08:00

The flag of The Bahamas was officially hoisted on July 10, 1973, the date of the nation's independence from the United Kingdom. It was the result of a local competition for a new national flag, although no single entry was selected. Instead, several entries were combined to create the new flag. The two aquamarine stripes represent the water surrounding the islands. The yellow

Asaba

2005-03-25T19:54:00.000-08:00

Town and capital of Delta state, southern Nigeria. It lies on the west bank of the Niger River (opposite Onitsha) and on the road to Benin City. A traditional market centre (cassava, yams, palm oil and kernels, kola nuts) for the Igbo (Ibo) people, it was the place where Richard and John Lander, the British explorers of the Niger, were taken captive by the Igbos in 1830. It later became

Korosten

2005-03-24T18:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Korosten ', city, Zhitomir oblast (province), north-central Ukraine. It lies along the west bank of the Uzh River about 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Kiev. The city, which was incorporated in 1926, is a small industrial centre, a railway junction, and an engineering centre. In addition, it manufactures equipment for the chemical industry and has woodworking, porcelain, food-processing, and clothing

An-k'ang

2005-03-22T20:43:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Ankang, formerly Hsing-an, city in southeastern Shensi sheng (province), China. Situated in the narrow valley of the Han River between the Tsinling and Ta-pa mountain ranges, it has been an important trade centre since antiquity, being situated at the junction of the east-west route via the Han River valley and the route to the north over the mountains to Sian (Ch'ang-an). A rail line, completed in 1978, links

Bearbaiting

2005-03-19T09:26:00.000-08:00

In England many large groups of bears were kept expressly for the purpose. Contemporary records reveal, for example, that 13 bears were provided

Marghilon

2005-03-18T08:03:00.000-08:00

Formerly Margilan, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies 19 miles (30 km) north of Fergana. Originally known as Marginan, it probably dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC, when one branch of the great Silk Road to the Orient ran through the Fergana Valley. It was an important commercial town in the 10th–12th century AD, and one of the largest cities in the valley in the 16th century. It formed part of the khanate of Kokand

Butler, R(ichard) A(usten), Baron Butler Of Saffron Walden

2005-03-18T05:09:00.000-08:00

Educated at Cambridge (1921–25), Butler lectured at that university on French history until 1929, when he was elected to Parliament as a Conservative. During the 1930s he worked successively in the ministries governing Indian, labour,

Swale

2005-03-17T23:57:00.000-08:00

Borough (district), administrative and historic county of Kent, southeastern England, on the south side of the Thames estuary at its mouth. Swale borough includes the Isle of Sheppey, 9 miles (14 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide, to the north. The island is separated from the mainland (south) by The Swale, a branch of the River Medway estuary, which gives its name to the district. Land on

Locatelli, Pietro

2005-03-16T17:20:00.000-08:00

In full Pietro Antonio Locatelli Italian violinist and composer, one of the first great violinists who practiced virtuosity for virtuosity's sake, thereby extending the technical vocabulary of the violin. He is perhaps best known for his L'Arte del violino, a group of 12 violin concerti issued with 24 capriccios ad libitum for

Torbernite

2005-03-15T06:07:00.000-08:00

Hydrated copper uranate phosphate mineral, Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2×8–12H2O, that is one of the principal uranium-bearing minerals. Usually associated with autunite, it occurs as green crystals or micalike masses that are weathering products of uraninite. Torbernite is abundant in Cornwall, Eng., and in Katanga province, Congo (Kinshasa). For detailed physical properties, see phosphate

Rowing

2005-03-14T16:57:00.000-08:00

In competitive rowing the oar is

Earth, Isostasy

2005-03-13T03:32:00.000-08:00

The general concept that higher portions of the Earth's crust are lighter and are maintained in position by correspondingly light roots beneath is very old. The quantitative description of this “compensation” of the Earth's topographic features dates from the geodetic triangulation of India in which the effect of the attraction of the Himalayas on the deflection

Celle

2005-03-12T00:28:00.000-08:00

City, Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany, on the Aller River, at the southern edge of the Lüneburger Heide (Heath), northeast of Hannover. The old town, Altencelle, was founded about 1248, and Celle (founded 1292) was the residence (1371–1705) of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The old town has many fine examples of 16th- to 19th-century half-timbered buildings, including the Hoppener Haus

Chandos, James Brydges, 1st Duke Of, Marquess Of Carnarvon, Earl Of Carnarvon, Viscount Wilton, 9th Baron Chandos Of Sudeley

2005-03-10T21:40:00.000-08:00

The son and heir of James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, he was a member of Parliament from 1698 to 1714. For eight years (1705–13) during the War of the Spanish Succession, he was paymaster general of the forces abroad, whereby he amassed great wealth. Three days after his father's death in 1714, he was created Viscount

Kieta

2005-03-09T23:52:00.000-08:00

Town, southeast coast of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. It is situated on Arawa Bay (Rawa Harbour) and is a port of call with a long wharf for coastal and Australian shipping. The town trades chiefly in copra, cocoa, and small amounts of gold. Two new settlements, Toniva and Nairovi, located just outside of Kieta, are considered part of that town. They grew after an increase

Afghanistan, Habibollah Khan (190119)

2005-03-08T09:29:00.000-08:00

Habibollah Khan visited British

Vanadium Processing

2005-03-08T00:36:00.000-08:00

Vanadium (V) is a grayish silver metal whose crystal structure is a body-centred cubic (bcc) lattice, with a melting point of 1,926° C (3,499° F). The metal is used principally as an alloying addition to high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels and, to a lesser extent, in tool steels and iron and steel castings. It is also an important strengthener

Raby, Al

2005-03-07T23:28:00.000-08:00

Raby, a grade-school dropout, taught himself to read when he was a teenager. He later graduated from Chicago Teachers College (1960) and attended the University of Chicago

Marsh Mallow

2005-03-06T21:39:00.000-08:00

(Althaea officinalis), perennial herbaceous plant of the mallow family (Malvaceae), native to eastern Europe and northern Africa. It has also become established in North America. The plant is usually found in marshy areas, chiefly near the sea. It has strongly veined heart-shaped or oval leaves. The pinkish flowers, borne on stalks about 1.8 m (6 feet) tall, are about 5 cm (2 inches)

Metabolism, The nature of the respiratory chain

2005-03-04T11:34:00.000-08:00

The carriers are NAD+ and, less frequently, NADP+; the flavoproteins FAD and FMN (flavin mononucleotide);

Jackstraws

2005-03-04T11:28:00.000-08:00

To begin the game, the jackstraws (20 to 50) are bunched in one hand and set vertically on a table or other smooth, flat surface, then released suddenly so that the straws fall in a jumble. Each player

Andrade, Jorge

2005-03-03T05:15:00.000-08:00

After staging O faqueiro de prata (“The Silver Cutlery”) and O telescópio (“The Telescope”) in 1954, Andrade came even more forcefully to public attention in 1955 with A moratória (“The Moratorium”). Among his later plays, Pedreira das almas

Argentina, Dominance of Buenos Aires

2005-03-01T02:03:00.000-08:00

By then, military leaders had assumed power in almost every province. Each provincial political regime soon acquired its own character, according to the relative power held by military strongmen (caudillos) and by local political interests. This differentiation was not, however, cause for friction between the provinces; rather, economic and geographic factors

Imagist

2005-02-28T03:50:00.000-08:00

The Imagists wrote succinct verse of dry clarity

Pappus Of Alexandria

2005-02-28T03:30:00.000-08:00

The most important mathematical author writing in Greek during the later Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge (“Collection”), a voluminous account of the most important work done in ancient Greek mathematics. Other than that he was born at Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century AD, little is known about his life.

Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University

2005-02-27T11:47:00.000-08:00

Byname Florida A&M University public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Tallahassee, Florida, U.S. It is a historically black, land-grant institution and part of the State University System of Florida; its enrollment remains predominantly African American. The university includes colleges of arts and sciences, education, pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, and engineering

Henrietta Anne Of England

2005-02-25T10:49:00.000-08:00

The youngest child of England's King Charles I (beheaded 1649), she was reared as an exile by her mother, Henrietta Maria, in Paris. Her brother Charles II was restored to the English throne in 1660, and on March 30, 1661, Henrietta was

Science, Museum Of

2005-02-24T06:26:00.000-08:00

In Boston, Mass., major American museum of science and technology, founded in 1830. Its exhibits include rocks and minerals, plants, mounted animals, models of manned space capsules, medical topics, electricity, and other topics. The Charles Hayden Planetarium is on the museum grounds, and there is an extensive science library. Publications include a monthly

Catamarca

2005-02-24T03:03:00.000-08:00

The region constituted part of

Merchant Taylors' School

2005-02-22T13:42:00.000-08:00

One of the major public (privately endowed) schools in England. Since 1933 it has been located at Sandy Lodge, at the northwestern extreme of London. The school was founded (1561) by the Merchant Taylors' Company of London, an incorporated group of craftsmen tailors. It was located at Suffolk Lane until 1875, when it was moved to Charterhouse Square. Richard Mulcaster was the first headmaster,

Pacific Ocean

2005-02-22T10:48:00.000-08:00

The wind and pressure systems of the Pacific conform closely with the so-called planetary system—i.e., the patterns of air pressure and the consequent wind patterns that develop in the atmosphere of the Earth as a result of its rotation (Coriolis force) and the inclination of its axis (ecliptic) toward the Sun. They are, in essence, a three-celled latitudinal arrangement

Arabian Religion, South Arabia

2005-02-21T05:59:00.000-08:00

The name of the Venus god 'Athtar corresponds to that of the Mesopotamian goddess Ishtar (Venus). Hawbas, a goddess, was his consort (but seems

Mole Crab

2005-02-20T15:02:00.000-08:00

Also called sand bug (Emerita, or Hippa, talpoida) crab of the Atlantic beaches from New England to Mexico. It is so named from its digging mole-fashion in sand. The shell is about 3.75 centimetres (1.5 inches) long, somewhat egg shaped and yellowish white with purplish markings. It lives on beaches in the intertidal zone. E. analoga, a broader and flatter species, occurs on the California coast.

Lowell, Percival

2005-02-18T20:04:00.000-08:00

A member of the distinguished Lowell family of Massachusetts (he was brother to A. Lawrence Lowell and Amy Lowell), he devoted himself (1883–93) to literature and travel, much of the time in the Far East, which he described

Alden, Cynthia May Westover

2005-02-18T07:27:00.000-08:00

Cynthia Westover was reared largely by her father, a geologist, in western mining camps, and she could shoot a rifle and ride a horse at an early age. After completing a teaching degree at

China, Animal life

2005-02-16T04:01:00.000-08:00

Profusion of vegetation and a variety of relief have fostered the development of a great diversity of animal life and have permitted the survival of animals that elsewhere are extinct. Notable among such survivals are the great paddlefish of the Yangtze, the small species of alligator in eastern and central China, and the giant salamander (related to the Japanese

Madhya Pradesh

2005-02-15T22:23:00.000-08:00

In November 2000 the new state of Chhattisgarh was formed from Madhya Pradesh's eastern provinces. Encompassing 56,510 square miles (146,361 square

Alaskan Brown Bear

2005-02-15T00:19:00.000-08:00

Race or subspecies of grizzly bear (q.v.).

Confucianism, The Sung masters

2005-02-14T09:49:00.000-08:00

The Sung dynasty (960–1279) was militarily weak and much smaller than the T'ang, but its cultural splendour and economic prosperity were unprecedented in human history. The Sung's commercial revolution produced flourishing markets, densely populated urban centres, elaborate communication networks, theatrical performances, literary groups, and popular religions—developments

Springfield, Dusty

2005-02-13T16:56:00.000-08:00

British pop singer who in the 1960s recorded such hits as “I Only Want to Be with You,” “Wishin' and Hopin',” “The Look of Love,” “You Don't Have to Say You Love Me,” and “Son of a Preacher Man”; she was appointed O.B.E. in 1999 and was admitted posthumously into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (b. April 16, 1939, London, Eng.—d. March 2, 1999, Henley-on-Thames, Eng.).

Fish Processing

2005-02-11T23:13:00.000-08:00

The word fish is commonly used to describe all forms of edible finfish, mollusks (e.g., clams and oysters), and crustaceans (e.g., crabs and lobsters) that inhabit an aquatic environment. Fish from the marine and freshwater bodies of the world have been a major source of food for humankind since before recorded

Schendel, Arthur (-françois-émile) Van

2005-02-11T02:19:00.000-08:00

His first important novels Een zwerver verliefd (1904; “A Wanderer in Love”) and Een zwerver verdwaald (1907; “A Lost Wanderer”) are set in medieval Italy,

Fish Sauce

2005-02-10T13:33:00.000-08:00

In Southeast Asian cookery, a liquid seasoning prepared by fermenting freshwater or saltwater fish with salt in large vats. After a few months time, the resulting brownish, protein-rich liquid is drawn off and bottled. It is sometimes allowed to mature in the sun in glass or earthenware bottles before use. Called nam pla in Thailand, nuoc nam in Vietnam, patis in the Philippines,

Paul Of Samosata

2005-02-08T13:27:00.000-08:00

Paul

Osceola

2005-02-07T10:18:00.000-08:00

Osceola moved from Georgia to Florida, where, although not a chief, he came to be acknowledged as a leader

N'djamena

2005-02-07T09:48:00.000-08:00

Formerly Fort-lamy, capital of Chad, on the southwestern border, adjacent to Cameroon. It lies on the east bank of the Chari (Shari) River at its confluence with the Logone River in an alluvial plain that is flooded during the rainy season (July–September). The city was founded in 1900 across the Chari River from Fort-Fureau (Kousseri), where French colonial troops defeated and killed the Sudanese

Poland, History Of, The legions and the Duchy of Warsaw

2005-02-06T00:24:00.000-08:00

The 123 years during which Poland existed only as a partitioned land had a profound impact on the Polish psyche. Moreover, major 19th-century developments such as industrialization and modernization were uneven in Poland and proved to be a mixed blessing. Growing Polish nationalism was by necessity that of an oppressed nation and displayed the tendency of “all or

Osage Orange

2005-02-04T11:21:00.000-08:00

Also called Bowwood, French Bois D'arc (Maclura pomifera), thorny tree with large, yellow-green, wrinkled fruit and a milky sap that can produce dermatitis in humans. It is the only species of its genus in the mulberry family (Moraceae). It is native to the south-central United States but has been planted extensively farther north in the Mississippi River valley and at points east of

Jason

2005-02-03T03:32:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, leader of the Argonauts (see photograph) and son of Aeson, king of Iolcos in Thessaly. His father's half-brother Pelias seized Iolcos, and thus for safety Jason was sent away to the Centaur Chiron. Returning as a young man, Jason was promised his inheritance if he fetched the Golden Fleece for Pelias, a seemingly impossible task. After many adventures

Silhak

2005-02-03T03:22:00.000-08:00

The Silhak school attacked Neo-Confucianism, particularly its formalism and concern with ritual. Members of the

Ushpizin

2005-02-02T02:08:00.000-08:00

(Aramaic: “visitors”), according to the Jewish Kabbalistic book the Sefer ha-zohar (“Book of Splendour”), seven ancient worthies who take turns visiting the homes of all pious Jews to share their dinner on the festival of Sukkoth. A custom developed of reciting a fixed formula of invitation to the seven: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, and David. Poor scholars are sometimes

Stanford University

2005-02-01T06:21:00.000-08:00

Official name Leland Stanford Junior University private coeducational institution of higher learning at Stanford, Calif., U.S. The university was founded in 1885 and opened in 1891 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford and his wife, Jane (née Lathrop), and was dedicated to their deceased only child, Leland, Jr. The doors were opened in 1891 to 559 students. The university campus consists largely of Stanford's former Palo Alto farm. The buildings,

Chandrapur

2005-01-30T19:10:00.000-08:00

Located on major rail and road routes,

Aroostook

2005-01-29T03:16:00.000-08:00

County, northern Maine, U.S. It is bordered by Quebec, Can., to the west and northwest and by New Brunswick, Can., to the north and east. The northern boundary is defined by the St. Francis and St. John rivers. The county is a hilly highland region with numerous streams and lakes. Major waterways include the Allagash, Aroostook, Big Black, Little Madawaska, Machias, and Mattawamkeag

France, History Of, Geographic-historical scope

2005-01-27T14:14:00.000-08:00

Gaul, in this context, signifies only what the Romans, from their perspective, termed Transalpine Gaul (Gallia Transalpina), or “Gaul across the Alps.” Broadly, it comprised all lands from the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean coast of modern France to the English Channel and from the Atlantic to the Rhine and the western Alps. The Romans knew a second Gaul, Cisalpine

Agung

2005-01-27T03:28:00.000-08:00

In the early years of Sultan Agung's reign, he consolidated the sultanate by subduing the autonomous trade-based coastal states of Padang and Tuban in 1619; Banjermasin, Kalimantan, and Sukadana in 1622; Madura in 1624; and Surabaya in 1625. Because the country's economy

Nicaea, Council Of

2005-01-26T01:44:00.000-08:00

(325), the first ecumenical council of the Christian church, meeting in ancient Nicaea (now Iznik, Tur.). It was called by the emperor Constantine I, an unbaptized catechumen, or neophyte, who presided over the opening session and took part in the discussions. He hoped a general council of the church would solve the problem created in the Eastern church by Arianism, a heresy first

Croatia, Flag Of

2005-01-23T07:44:00.000-08:00

Croatia was under Hungarian rule in the mid-19th century, but Croatian nationalists attempted to revolt in 1848, at which time they chose a flag to symbolize their cause. The red-white-blue colours of the flag were inspired by the flag of imperial Russia, which was an opponent of Austria-Hungary and hence a potential Croatian ally. Although Croatians were unable to establish

Ghee Hin

2005-01-22T23:01:00.000-08:00

Chinese secret society that flourished in Malaya in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the 1800s many Chinese migrated to Malaya, bringing their secret societies with them. The Ghee Hin had strong branch organizations in Penang. Its membership consisted primarily of Cantonese speakers from southern China. The Ghee Hin was a semilegal society internally controlled

Solomon Islands

2005-01-22T16:41:00.000-08:00

In midyear and at the invitation

Joint Disease, Neurogenic arthropathy

2005-01-20T20:59:00.000-08:00

A Charcot joint is a severe degenerative disease that develops when the sensory mechanisms of joints are impaired. The current view is that these joints become excessively strained because the ability to receive stimuli from bodily structures and organs necessary for normal limitation of motion is lacking. As a result the supporting tissues are torn and extreme

Social Protection, The 50th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2005-01-19T02:35:00.000-08:00

For the first time, Amnesty International designated

Philadelphia

2005-01-17T19:53:00.000-08:00

Philadelphia has been described either as the elegant but rather jaded great lady or as the overage and sickly spinster of American cities. A more realistic look at Philadelphia, however, shows it to be a very

Creed, Lutheran confessions

2005-01-16T06:41:00.000-08:00

The Augsburg Confession (1530) was the first of these statements, and still remains the most authoritative standard in Lutheran churches. It (as well as the Apology of the Augsburg Confession of 1531) was written by Philipp Melanchthon and approved by Martin Luther, and presents an irenic statement aiming to show that the pope and his allies, not the Reformers, had departed from

Adz

2005-01-15T17:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled adze hand tool for shaping wood. One of the earliest tools, it was widely distributed in Stone Age cultures in the form of a handheld stone chipped to form a blade. By Egyptian times it had acquired a wooden haft, or handle, with a copper or bronze blade set flat at the top of the haft to form a T. In this form the adz continued to be the prime hand tool for shaping and trimming wood.

Earth, Ellipsoidal era

2005-01-14T03:05:00.000-08:00

The period from Eratosthenes to Picard can be called the spherical era of geodesy. A new ellipsoidal era was begun by Newton and the Dutch mathematician and scientist Christiaan Huygens. In Ptolemaic astronomy it had seemed natural to assume that the Earth was an exact sphere with a centre that, in turn, all too easily became regarded as the centre of the entire universe.

Ford, Betty

2005-01-13T01:59:00.000-08:00

After Gerald Ford narrowly lost the election of 1976 to Jimmy Carter, the Fords retired to Rancho Mirage, California, where Betty's dependence on prescription drugs continued. In early 1978, under pressure from her family, she agreed to enter a treatment centre in Long Beach, California. After her successful stay she founded the Betty Ford Center to treat others with similar addictions; the centre became very popular and attracted patients from all walks of life. Although much about her life was traditional, Betty Ford compiled a remarkably independent record as first lady, and she became enormously popular for her honesty and candour.

Jian

2005-01-12T21:25:00.000-08:00

The jian, which has a simple silhouette, is supported upon a narrow ring base. It has two or four ring handles that freely hang from slightly modeled monster masks (taotie). The decoration of the jian characteristic of the late Zhou dynasty (c. 600–256/255 BC), from which the

China, The Northern Expedition

2005-01-11T17:36:00.000-08:00

In the Northern Expedition the outnumbered southern forces were infused with revolutionary spirit and fought with great élan. They were assisted by propaganda corps, which subverted enemy troops and agitated among the populace in the enemy's rear. Soviet military advisers accompanied most of the divisions, and Soviet pilots reconnoitred the enemy positions.

Subic Bay

2005-01-09T21:40:00.000-08:00

Bay of the South China Sea, southwestern Luzon, Philippines. The bay is located 35 miles (55 km) northwest of the mouth of Manila Bay and extends northward into the Luzon coastline. From 1901 to 1992, on the southeast coast of the bay, the United States operated a naval base, Subic Bay Naval Station, the largest naval installation in the Philippines. Olongapo is the largest settlement

Olmütz, Punctation Of

2005-01-09T09:01:00.000-08:00

German Olmützer Punktation (Nov. 29, 1850), agreement signed at Olmütz (Olomouc, Moravia, in modern Czech Republic) between Prussia and Austria that regulated those two powers' relations. The development leading up to the punctation was triggered when the elector of Hesse in the autumn of 1850 appealed for help against his rebellious subjects; both Austria and Prussia sent troops in response, and these threatened

Dependent States

2005-01-07T21:37:00.000-08:00

There was a focus on the French Pacific territories in 2003, with French Pres. Jacques Chirac's first visit to the region and constitutional changes that would increase French Polynesia's representation in the French Senate and open the way to greater autonomy. In July Chirac met Pacific islands leaders in Papeete, on

Almond, Gabriel Abraham

2005-01-07T10:52:00.000-08:00

Almond received a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1938 and taught at Brooklyn College from 1939 to 1946, except during his service in the U.S. Office of War Information (1942–45). After

Waikato

2005-01-06T09:27:00.000-08:00

Local government region, northern North Island, New Zealand. It includes the mountainous Coromandel Peninsula and adjacent Hauraki Plains in the northeast; the fertile Waikato River valley in the northwest; the hills, limestone crags, and canyons of King Country in the southwest; and much of the island's rugged central volcanic plateau and Lake Taupo, the country's

Dislocation

2005-01-04T13:27:00.000-08:00

Dislocations are caused by stresses forceful enough to overcome the resistance of the ligaments, muscles, and capsule that hold the joint in place. A dislocation is called simple when the joint surfaces are not exposed to the air; it is called compound when

Annapolis Convention

2005-01-04T01:42:00.000-08:00

Growing out of an earlier meeting of representatives of Maryland and Virginia to discuss ways of improving navigation on the Potomac River, the convention of delegates

Animal Disease

2005-01-03T06:37:00.000-08:00

Concern with diseases that afflict animals dates from the earliest human contacts with animals and is reflected in early views of religion and magic. Diseases of animals remain a concern principally because of the economic losses they cause and the possible transmission

Exxon Corporation

2005-01-01T20:07:00.000-08:00

Formerly (until 1972) Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) one of the world's largest corporations in terms of sales, with investments and operations in petroleum and natural gas, coal, nuclear fuels, chemicals, and such ores as copper, lead, and zinc. It also operates pipelines and one of the world's largest fleets of tankers and other ships. Exxon engages in every phase of the petroleum industry from oil fields to service stations.

Pius Ii

2005-01-01T20:06:00.000-08:00

Original name Enea Silvio Piccolomini outstanding Italian humanist and astute politician who as pope (reigned 1458–64) tried to unite Europe in a crusade against the Turks at a time when they threatened to overrun all of Europe. He wrote voluminously about the events of his day.

Minch, The

2004-12-31T13:39:00.000-08:00

Also called North Minch, Atlantic sea channel between the Outer Hebrides island group on the west and the mainland of Scotland on the east. The channel varies in width between 25 and 45 miles (40 and 70 km) and has both great depth and a rapid current. The Little Minch, its southerly extension, lies between the island groups of the Outer and Inner Hebrides, separating the islands of Harris and North Uist

Q

2004-12-30T14:22:00.000-08:00

Pseudonym of Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (q.v.).

Masham (of Swinton), Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron

2004-12-28T00:47:00.000-08:00

In 1838 Samuel and his brother John opened a worsted mill in Manningham. He had worked on a machine to comb wool

China, The role of the government

2004-12-27T14:28:00.000-08:00

China is a socialist country, and the government plays a predominant role in the economy. In the industrial sector, for example, the state owns outright firms that produce more than 60 percent of the gross value of industrial output, and all but a small portion of the remainder is owned collectively. In the urban sector the government has set the prices for key commodities,

Bach, Johann Christoph Friedrich

2004-12-24T03:11:00.000-08:00

Probably educated by his father's cousin Johann Elias Bach, J.C.F. Bach became a chamber musician to Count Wilhelm at Bückeburg in 1750, and was appointed concertmaster c. 1758. His career was steady and his output of compositions extensive. He made a successful transition from the late Baroque

Theatre

2004-12-22T23:54:00.000-08:00

Though the word theatre is derived from the Greek theaomai, “to see,” the performance itself may appeal either to the ear or to the eye, as is suggested by the interchangeability of the terms spectator

Eisenerz

2004-12-21T11:05:00.000-08:00

Town, Bundesland Steiermark (federal province of Styria), Austria, in the Erzbach Valley, at the northern foot of the Erzberg (Ore Mountain; 5,033 ft [1,534 m]), northwest of Leoben. Iron has been mined on the Erzberg by terraced open-pit methods since Roman times, and Eisenerz (“iron ore”) is the principal centre of Austrian iron mining, supplying most of the nation's total output. Notable

Catatumbo River

2004-12-19T10:42:00.000-08:00

Spanish Río Catatumbo, river rising in northern Colombia. It flows northeast across the Venezuelan border, crosses rich oil-bearing regions in the Maracaibo Lowland, and empties into Lake Maracaibo after a course of about 210 miles (338 km). It is navigable in its lower course and receives Zulia River 4 miles (6 km) west of Encontrados, Venez., in the Maracaibo Lowland.

Race, Scientific classifications of race

2004-12-16T06:13:00.000-08:00

In publications issued from 1735 to 1759, Linnaeus classified all of the then-known animal forms. He included humans with the primates and established the use of both genus and species terms for identification of all animals. For the human species, he introduced the still-current scientific name Homo sapiens. He listed four major subdivisions of this species, H.

Saxony

2004-12-14T17:37:00.000-08:00

German Sachsen, Land (state), eastern Germany. Saxony Land was re-created in the process of the reunification of East with West Germany in 1990 from the former East German Bezirke (districts) of Dresden, Chemnitz (formerly Karl-Marx-Stadt), and most of Leipzig, along with a small part of Cottbus Bezirk. The East German Bezirke had themselves been created in 1952 from historic Saxony. The current territory

San-ming

2004-12-13T06:21:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Sanming, city in west-central Fukien sheng (province), China. San-ming lies along the Sha River, a southern tributary of the Min River, the valley of which provides the chief southwest-to-northeast route through central Fukien. Westward and southwestward routes fan out into the mountainous interior of Fukien, and to the south there is a good route via the valley of the Chiu-lung

Tsuyama

2004-12-11T15:24:00.000-08:00

City, Okayama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the upper Yoshii River, in the centre of the Tsuyama basin. A castle was built there in 1442. An important post town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), Tsuyama is still a centre of traditional home industries, producing tabi (socks), sickles, and silk gauze textiles. The remains of the castle and old buildings around it attract

Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel

2004-12-09T05:13:00.000-08:00

Fahrenheit spent most of his life in the Netherlands,

Newton Abbot

2004-12-06T20:48:00.000-08:00

Town (“parish”), Teignbridge district, administrative and historic county of Devon, England. It lies near the head of the Teign estuary. Bradley Manor (15th century) is now a National Trust property. The Jacobean Forde House (1610) was visited by William, prince of Orange, the successful 17th-century contender for the English throne who first read his famous declaration to the people

Literature, United States.

2004-12-04T21:35:00.000-08:00

One might wonder, however,

Arts, Central Asian, The music of Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim

2004-12-02T04:34:00.000-08:00

Little is presently known about the music of Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim. Minstrels play a major role in the musical life of Nepal, where, under the influence of Indian practice, musicians are classified according to caste and each group is distinguished by specific instruments and repertoire. There appears to be a great deal of both Indian-related and indigenous folk

álvarez Quintero, Serafín And Joaquín

2004-11-28T07:27:00.000-08:00

Spanish brothers who collaborated in almost 200 dramas depicting the life, manners, and speech of Andalusia. Their work was among the most popular in Spain during the early 20th century and greatly added to the revival of the Spanish theatre. Their dramas are remarkable for a vivacious and skilled presentation.